mbarker: (BrainUnderRepair)
[personal profile] mbarker
 Original Posting July 21, 2018

I got a copy of Story: Substance, Structure, Style, and the Principles of Screenwriting by Robert McKee recently, and since I want to read it, I thought maybe I’d do it as a read along, read a bit, scribble some comments and thoughts, and then repeat. If you want to, pick up a copy at Amazon or your local book pusher, and follow along. Heck, you can even read ahead if you want to. Feel free to comment, too!

Start at the beginning, right? So... Part 1 has the title The Writer and the Art of Story. The introduction starts off with a medley of short admonitions. For example, the very first one is simple.

Story is about principles, not rules.

Then he expands on that, explaining that rules say something must be done a certain way, while principles just say this works... the difference is in whether you are just obeying rules, or whether you are mastering a form.

By the way, I’m pretty sure Story here refers to his book, although you can have some fun reading it as talking about story in stories, too.

Rules, you have to do it this way, almost invites someone to break them, and forces everything into a straight jacket, a rigid form. Principles... hey, if you do it like this, it works! If you figure out another way that works, that’s dynamite, but... feel free to try this one, because it does this...

The second one is...

Story is about eternal, universal forms, not formulas.

Hum. This time, he starts right out by labeling paradigms and foolproof story models as nonsense. Lots of successful story designs out there! But no prototype, no surefire recipe, no reheating leftovers...

Third?

Story is about archetypes, not stereotypes.

“The archetypal story unearths a universally human experience, then wraps itself inside a unique, cultural-specific expression.”

Compare that with a stereotypical story, that is poor in both content and form. A narrow, culture-specific experience dressed in stale, nonspecific generalities. Whoops!

Archetypal stories start with a world, specifics, that we do not know. The ordinary, yet extraordinary. And inside that brave new world, we find... our own reflection. We find life, we stretch our own experience, we flex our emotions!

Poof! That’s rich stuff. Principles, not rules. Forms, not formulas. And archetypes, not stereotypes.

Something to chew on, I think. For one thing, that tendency to want a rule, a surefire formula, and simple generic stories instead of having to delve so deep...

Okay? That’s page 5 of 468, according to Kindle. So about one percent down, 99 to go?
[identity profile] mbarker.livejournal.com
Original Posting Jan. 30, 2017

Yesterday, we went to a small performance. An opera singer and her husband, a pianist, and a belly-dancer with her husband playing drums. About 30 people in a local coffeeshop, enjoying the performance. But one of the pieces caught my attention.

See, they did the Copacabana. By Barry Manilow. Instrumental, with the pianist and the opera singer playing a keyboard, the drummer thumping away, and the belly-dancer happily shimmying and shaking. But... I was trying to remember the lyrics. It seemed to me that this was one of those songs that has a happy tune, but lyrics that are a bit less upbeat? I mean, I enjoyed the melody, and the dancing, but... what was the story in the song?

So when I got home, I checked it out. Google immediately turned up the lyrics. OH! That's right.

Lola and Tony! The showgirl and the bartender, "They were young and they had each other, who could ask for more!"

And Rico. "He wore a diamond. ... But Rico went a bit too far. Tony sailed across the bar. ... There was blood and a single gun shot. But just who shot who?"

And the last verse... "Her name is Lola, she was a showgirl, But that was thirty years ago... She lost her youth and she lost her Tony. Now she's lost her mind."

With that trailing advice in the chorus, "don't fall in love..."

Oh! Three verses, about 200 words, and there's a whole story there! The two lovers, Rico and the fight, and... the aftermath, 30 years later. Whoosh. That's storytelling.

And the setting, in the driving rhythm and happy melody.

Can you do that in a short story? Why not! Hey, go ahead and tell us the story of Lola, Tony, and Rico. It's a well-worn tale, but there's still a few times to run it around the ring of tales.

Music and passion were always in fashion...
tink
[identity profile] mbarker.livejournal.com
Original posting 23 Dec 2011

Just listening to the muzak playing everywhere -- I saw Mommie kissing Santa Claus, I'm dreaming of a White Christmas, Jingle Bells... Most of them have a little story (or two or three) buried in those words and melodies.

So, your assignment, should you choose to accept it, Mr. (or Ms.) Writer, is to tease out that plot -- that string of events. Either the one in the music, or perhaps the one that the music reminds you of? Feel free to add backstory or consequences as needed. Mix your own characters, setting, subplots and other problems in (what if Daddy DID see Mommy kissing Santa Claus? Uh, oh...) and retell that story as only you can.

Do it for the Grinch, for Marley and Tiny Tim, for the little drummer boy, for Saint Nicholas taking presents to the poor, for all those, known and unknown, who said and showed us in one way or another...

Merry Christmas and Happy New Year!

Have a great holiday, one and all.
And, of course, WRITE!
[identity profile] mbarker.livejournal.com
Original posting 7 March 2010

Hi, ho. Over here http://aliendjinnromances.blogspot.com/2010/02/how-does-intelligence-work.html Jacqueline Lichtenberg talks about where those crazy ideas come from. In other words, what is her process for getting ideas that go into stories or novels. Admittedly, she's in the science fiction romance area, which combines the trivial and ridiculous ideas of romance with the out-of-the-box crazy and pointless ideas of science fiction. But anyway, here are her seven steps:
  1. Ask silly questions. (tink says I might call that challenging assumptions). In particular, look at things that people take for granted, and ask why or how.
  2. Find a conflict generating emotion, a plot generating dynamic buried in that assumption. Look for fears, panic, worries and concerns.
  3. Do some "What if..." speculation. Try out some variations on that concept.
  4. Re-state the question. Add some details, mix in some things, and ask a question that connects the abstract thought or concept to a reader's daily worries and conflicts.
  5. Look back at the original question.
  6. Now take a world builder's view of what you've been brewing. Apply it to a lot of people, push it to extremes, look for the breaking points.
  7. Build a series of alternate worlds, expressing various versions of your concept. Fantasy, science fiction, paranormal... here on earth, out in space, in another time and place... try it out.
So that's her process, and she demonstrates it as she walks through the seven steps, looking at the little question of "How does intelligence work?"

Obviously, you may want to try your own silly questions, and then push them through the wringer to come up with your very own worlds of what if. That's fine.

Just don't forget to write.
[identity profile] mbarker.livejournal.com
Originally posted 1 March 2010

Writer's Digest, August 2008, pages 30 to 32, have an article by Jurgen Wolff with the title, "From Idea to Script." This subtitle explains, "Here's how to turn your promising concept into a screen-worthy script." Now, I'm not sure how many of us are working on screenplays, but it's kind of interesting reading, and probably helps whether you're working on novels, short stories, and even poetry.

Jurgen, according to the fine print, has had more than 100 TV scripts produced, along with films, books, and he has a website yourwritingcoach.com along with a blog timetowrite.blogs.com

He starts out by saying that in writing conferences, screenwriters often talk about the projects they're working on and their loglines. These are things like:
  • At a campground, a young couple leaves their infant daughter alone for a few minutes and when they come back, she's disappeared.
  • A man hooks up 100 helium balloons to a lawn chair and goes on an odyssey.
These are "high concept: they involve a situation that piques the curiosity." We want to know what happens! That's good. But these are situations, not stories. They promise a lot. And Jurgen points out that fairly often, novices fail to deliver because:
  • they take an exciting situation in a totally predictable or familiar direction. A mentally ill woman snatched the child? It's been done. Unless you've got a surprising new insight, your audience is going to say ho-hum.
  • in an effort to avoid the predictable, the novice screenwriter grafts a totally different situation onto the first one and throws away the promise of the former. When lawn chair man drops into a bank robbery, and gets kidnapped, what happened to the balloons? Don't waste your first idea.
  • the writer starts a story in one genre or with one tone, and then veers into another one without laying the groundwork for such a change. Decide what genre you're writing and stick with it. A sensitive drama that suddenly becomes a thriller or vice versa... give us a hint. Foreshadow the change. Make us suspicious that the sensitive drama is going to explode on us. Or, stick with one genre.
Instead of taking a great situation and turning it into a not so great story, Jurgen suggests finding fresh angles. "The secret is to go more deeply into the aspects of the story that most interests people, but avoid taking them where they have been before." Some questions that can help you explore this:
  • from whose perspective could you tell this story? Sometimes the most obvious viewpoint is not the best one. Consider all the different viewpoints you might use, and tell us this story from one that isn't common.
  • at what point do you want to start this story? Changing the beginning of the story often gives us a different feeling for the story. Do you remember Columbo? Every story started with the criminal carrying out a crime -- so we, the audience, already knew who did it. The real question was how is Columbo going to outsmart this criminal? And we loved them.
  • how does this situation change your protagonist? The character arc, the change that the protagonist undergoes because of experiences, is often the part that really gives depth and meaning to the situation.
A great situation is a starting point. Finding one means you're halfway there. Then use these questions and your own curiosity and insight to come up with a great story based on the possibilities of that situation.

So, there it is. Jurgen's advice -- start with a great situation, then develop it into a great story.

Your homework assignment? Take a look at the news or some other source of ideas. Pick out five possible situations for stories. Then for each one, work through Jurgen's three questions -- whose point of view works best? Where do you start the story? How does this story, this situation, change your protagonist?

And for bonus points, pick the one that you like best and write up the story.

Go ahead, write.
[identity profile] mbarker.livejournal.com
Original Posting 26 Dec. 2009

The other evening, I stumbled over a short session on TV with an artist working with two students. This particular artist apparently is of the manga comic persuasion. He was helping the students develop four panel comics. What I found intriguing was the broad descriptions of each of the panels that he gave while they were drawing.

Basically, he said that the first panel needs to show something happening -- the setting and a problem. So one of the students drew someone in their bed with the sun shining through the windows -- the person is stretching, throwing the covers back, groaning it's morning! The other student drew a washing machine that was leaking and the kids looking at the leak.

Then, he said, the second panel shows the first reaction of the characters, with the problem getting worse. The first student had their character getting a small milk carton out and not being able to open it. Frustration! The other student showed one of their characters climbing into the washer, headfirst, to find out where that leak was coming from.

The third panel is catastrophe, with the problem getting the upper hand and the stakes going up. The first student had their character yelling and violently trying to pull the carton open. The second student had the upside down character madly spinning around in the washer gone crazy.

The fourth panel is the punchline, with some kind of resolution or release. The first student had their character taking a chainsaw to that stubborn milk carton. The teacher pointed out that there should be a small geyser of milk to let us know that the chainsaw did the job. The second student had the character hanging on a clothesline in the sunshine, drying out.

What I thought was fun about this is the way that it parallels a short story. That initial hook, some action, in media res, and a hint at the setting to get us started. Act one, if you will. Followed by complications and frustrations as things get worse. That's act two all the way. And then the climax, the resolution as the character does something incredible. Act three.

The other thing that was interesting to me was the problems that these two students used for their comics. The frustration of getting up, and a  leaking washing machine. Neither one is earth shattering great issues, and yet the comics were fun. In some ways, I think using these kind of little everyday problems that we can all relate to is really better than the huge crises.

Anyway, something to think about. Four panel comics as a pattern or template for stories.
[identity profile] mbarker.livejournal.com
Original posting 13 August 2009

[psst? Working on those contest stories? a quest, a quest, my kingdom for a ...]

Over on her blog, Jacqueline Lichtenberg takes a strong stance about scenes. Basically, she considers scenes to be the fundamental building block for writing. And while she admits that they may be hard to see in polished professional work, she recommends working on making building blocks and then learning how to mesh them into a larger story.

She identifies six key characteristics of scenes. Let's take a look at her six fundamentals.
  1. Beginning, middle, end. Start with a narrative hook, at the midpoint raise the stakes and have something change, and end with a cliffhanger/setup/foreshadowing of the next scene. Drag the reader into the scene, make something happen, and link to the next scene.
  2. Every scene needs to provide character arc. Emotional tension needs to rise or fall in the scene. Change is caused by conflict, as we move towards resolution.
  3. Every scene advances the plot. There must be at least one plot moving event in the scene. (Elsewhere Jacqueline says that plot is the sequence of events)
  4. Every scene needs to advance the story. Something needs to change in how the main character sees things. An event, learning, dialogue, figure it out -- somehow the character sees the world differently. (Elsewhere Jacqueline says that story is how the character interprets events -- what they mean to the character.)
  5. Every scene needs conflict and resolution. There's a chain: hook->conflict->resolution->handoff (cliffhanger with implied action/tension).
Okay? She points out that the purpose of the scene is four-fold. First, to grab attention. That's the job of the first characteristic. Second, to hold attention. That's what the character arc does for us. Third, to deliver a message. This is done by a combination of the plot moving event (3) and its meaning or story (4). Fourth, to make the reader want more. That's what the fifth characteristic, especially the cliffhanger at the end does for us. A little reward -- the resolution -- and a tease to keep us coming back.

The sixth characteristic is probably the hardest to swallow. Basically, scenes are a standard length in most genres. According to Jacqueline, this works out to be 750 words -- or about three minutes of reading. Longer scenes are possible, but they run into readers and publishers who like them short. This size is based on the market, and Jacqueline suggests it may be shrinking.

It's kind of an interesting notion. The concrete blocks of writing... one scene at a time. Stack them up, clunk, clunk, clunk...and there's a wall!

What do you think? Are those basic characteristics of every scene? What about that length notion? Hum?

I have to admit, I haven't read any of this author's writing -- I just saw these blog postings listed somewhere and took a look at them. Alien romances? Science fiction romance, futuristic or paranormal romances?

Jacqueline Lichtenberg

6 Tricks of Scene Structure
http://aliendjinnromances.blogspot.com/2009/07/6-tricks-of-scene-structure.html

6 Tricks of Scene Structure - Part 2
http://aliendjinnromances.blogspot.com/2009/07/6-tricks-of-scene-structure-part-2.html
[identity profile] mbarker.livejournal.com
Original posting 3 June 2009

Writers' Digest, October 2004, pages 26 to 33, has a collection of short "nuggets of wisdom" related to getting published. Maria Schneider is the author of the compilation. Take a deep breath, and here we go:

"Art has shape and meaning, and life may lack both. Specifically, a story has a beginning (the setup), a middle (logical complications) and an end (a climax that implies something enduring about human beings). Real life may, unfortunately, lack all of these things. This means that for your actual experience to work as fiction, you must usually reshape it: adding events, leaving other things out, changing what really happened to what might have happened, all in the service of telling a better story." Nancy Kress

That's interesting. Real life may be too complex, may be lacking in connections and causation and motivation, but your story needs you to shape the raw materials. Somewhat like doing a sketch or a painting -- the real landscape is right there in front of you, but the art consists in leaving out the telephone pole, simplifying that tree with lopsided branches, making the whole thing vibrant. That's what we do with the story. Make sure that it says something, that it reaches into our hearts and lives and makes us feel.

Not just the facts -- better than that!
Write.

when you get to the part where he's breaking her heart...
[identity profile] mbarker.livejournal.com
Original posting 27 May 2009

Writer's Digest, December 2006, pages 97 and 98, have an article by Elaine Marien Alphin, with two sidebars, one by Tracey E. Dils and one by Nancy Lamb. The overall heading is Writing for Kids: Create Believable Characters. The main article has the title Thinking like a Kid.

Elaine reminds us that story characters come to life for children, and should be friends for the readers. "Potential story characters are all around you.... Believable characters are born from real people and revealed to readers through your writer's craft." You want the reader to identify with the main character, and feel their struggles and growth. So how do you do that?
  1. Characters do things. Make sure your characters take action. And that the actions give us the right impression of the character. Kids pay attention to what other kids do. Seems simple, but that's the main way we figure out other people and characters. So use the actions of your characters to show the reader who they are.
  2. Characters think. Often, characters have religious or philosophical beliefs or attitudes in the beginning of the story that may be challenged as part of the story. They may not say what they think, but you need to make sure that the characters' thoughts, hidden or spoken, contribute to the tension and drama of the story.
  3. Characters feel. Sure, rational thinking is important, but people aren't always rational. Especially when things get tough. Make sure that your characters have emotions. Fear, anger, hatred, love, delight... all of the wonder of life. "While you can articulate your character's thoughts with words, emotions are more subtle. You can evoke them in your reader by using physical sensations that he'll recognize. But you need to find a unique, quirky way to express an emotion believably, and it should spring from the context of your character."
  4. Characters speak. Actions, thoughts, feelings are only part of the expression of personality. Kids talk. What they say and how they say it reveals a lot. To make characters believable, though, you need to use language that fits the age and context of the youngsters. Use natural language that kids would use.
Tracey E. Dils has a short sidebar about Bring Your Character to Life. Six points for main characters:
  1. Pick a name that reflects their personality
  2. Make the names easy to pronounce and not too exotic
  3. Make the names different. Similar names are confusing.
  4. Habits help define characters. Chewing bubblegum, wearing purple socks, whatever fits.
  5. Distinctive speech. Some catchphrase or verbal habit can help identify who's talking.
  6. Mannerisms and twitches. Cracking knuckles, twirling hair, all can help.
Nancy Lamb has a short sidebar with the title Character Observations. Three guidelines:
  1. Validate confusion. Every child gets confused when dealing with things. Your characters should get confused sometimes too. It adds emotional richness and social texture when the characters try to resolve their confusion and their ambiguous feelings.
  2. Celebrate inconsistency. People who are always doing the same thing are boring. Add some contradictions, make your characters complex.
  3. Ignore the truth. Sure, your model may be a real person. But for the story, ignore the facts. Build the essential truth of the character to support the inherent drama of the story. Just the story, ma'am.
I have to admit, for an article and two sidebars supposedly aimed at writing for kids, I think this is good advice for any writer. Make sure your characters do things, think, feel, and speak. Make the characters distinctive. And make the characters rich, real people who are bigger than life.

Watching the neighborhood kids playing on a nearby grassy slope out my window this spring afternoon, and remembering...
[identity profile] mbarker.livejournal.com
Original posting 14 Dec 2007

I first read Ender's Game by Orson Scott Card quite a few years ago. Recently, through a strange concatenation of circumstances, a new hardback copy passed through my hands. I sent it on to a friend, but while it was here, I took a quick look and found that Card had added an introduction! Rather interesting . . . a couple of quotes that I found particularly resonant.
p. xiv  "I learned -- from actors and from audiences -- how to shape a scene, how to build tension, and -- above all -- the necessity of being harsh with your own material, excising or rewriting anything that doesn't work. I learned to separate the story from the writing, probably the most important thing that any storyteller has to learn -- that there are a thousand right ways to tell a story, and ten million wrong ones, and you're a lot more likely to find one of the latter than the former your first time through the tale."

p. xxi "This is the essence of the transaction between storyteller and audience. The 'true' story is not the one that exists in my mind; it is certainly not the written words on the bound paper that you hold in your hands. The story in my mind is nothing but a hope; the text of the story is the tool I created in order to try to make that hope a reality. The story itself, the true story, is the one that the audience members create in their minds, guided and shaped by my text, but then transformed, elucidated, expanded, edited, and clarified by their own experience, their own desires, their own hopes and fears."
Separate the story from the writing, and learn about rewriting to find the right way to tell a story.

And don't imagine that you are writing a story alone - it is a cooperative effort between the storyteller and the audience.

Words to write by, perhaps?
[identity profile] mbarker.livejournal.com
Original Posting 21 October 2007

The NHK (public television) folks put some odd programs on. Right now there's a visit with a circus camp in Monaco. One bit particularly caught my imagination - they were talking to the fellow who arranges most of the "big shows" for this group, laying out the musicians, lighting, acts, and all. They asked him about the underlying stories, and he responded quite emphatically that he doesn't have any stories in his shows. No, he said, "All I do is provide spectacles - great sounds, great sights - and the audience tells themselves stories." And yet he is known for engaging the audience, exciting them - and even the little clips of his shows that we saw were quite amazing.

Tibetan instruments with people trained in the monks' style of chanting - they said the leader could go for 20 minutes with a single "ooooooooo" booming away from his stomach. This with a single horse prancing in place, the rider quiet, under a spotlight.

Or a huge moon, with a woman suddenly swirling into sight in front of it, and then the lights move to a single figure muffled in white with huge billowing wings fluttering around it as it spins and dances in the center and snow falls. Then it crumpled to the ground, a white pile, and a horse wandered into the spotlight and up to the pile, as if to pull the figure back out, then stopped. And the lights went out.

Fun stuff. And I think I need to contemplate that notion of providing spectacle and letting the audience tell themselves stories.

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