mbarker: (ISeeYou2)
[personal profile] mbarker
Original Posting 2022/4/18
Let’s see. Crafting Scenes, by Raymond Obstfeld. He’s talked about what scenes are, and in chapter 2, about starting scenes. Then he’s tackled length, point of view, setting… aha! It must be time to talk about ending scenes! Indeed, chapter six is Fond Farewell or Good Riddance: Ending a Scene. Let’s see what he says!

He starts out by suggesting that the ending of a scene needs to project a physical sensation that comments on the scene that’s just ended and makes future scenes desirable. The last lines need to create a feeling in the reader, of completion and anticipation. Make the reader satisfied with what they have just read AND make them want to turn the page and keep reading.

He recommends thinking about each scene as a complete story, with beginning, middle, and end. Then make sure your ending leaves the reader with an emotional or intellectual impact or both. The end should be a reward for the reader.

Now, he says there are two kinds of scene endings, ones that emphasize plot or ones that emphasize character. 

Plot endings are a mainstay of genre writing. Basically, we’re taking the reader on a well-loved ride, and giving them the best ride we can. One key to this is cliff-hangers. Now, frequently earlier scenes in a chapter may just ratchet up the suspense, until the final cliffhanger in the chapter. 

There’s a sidebar pointing out that a cliffhanger plus a jumpcut really boosts the suspense level. I.e., ending a scene with a cliffhanger (he was hanging by his fingertips above the grinding wheels) and then starting the next scene somewhere else, with a flashback or whatever, means the reader wants to know what happened to the cliffhanger and… is still waiting to get it.

The other major type of plot ending is the if-I’d-only-known, where we imply that if they had known what was going to happen next, they would have done something different. This does mean the narrator, whether the character in the novel or an omniscient narrator, needs a dash of oversight knowledge.

Next, Raymond tells us that plot endings usually reveal a change in the direction of the plot, while character endings tend to reveal a change in the character or at least our understanding of the character. An insight into the character, in other words. Some key variations include:

I-know-what-this-means internal monologue. A reflection about the meaning of the scene events.

Poignant dialogue. Especially an exchange that just stops.

Poignant description. Often something in the setting, or some mundane seeming action be the character. But putting it last boosts the reader’s attention.

Final word? Well, Raymond reflects on writing literary and genre, and that you may use both kinds of scene endings in both of them. Yes, genre tends to lean towards cliffhangers, and literary toward character endings, but… mix it up!

His workshop points out that often we tend to stretch the ending, adding a bit more to try to make sure we hit the point. But usually it’s best to trim the extra, to stop.
So we will! Write? 
mbarker: (BrainUnderRepair)
[personal profile] mbarker
Original posting 2022/01/03
I suspect some of you remember JC, one of our Writers from a while back. I still contemplate his advice for writing from time to time. It was pretty simple.

Write the ending first.

See, when you visualize your story, fairly often the ending is the exciting, fun part. It's where the climax is, the detective pointing out whodunit, the fateful happily ever after, the ride into the sunset, or whatever. So, JC recommended that you start by writing that piece. Write that great ending scene, the climax of your piece.

Then, of course, you get to work your way backwards. You can do tentpoles, highlight scenes along the way to that ending, and then tie them all together. By the way, foreshadowing gets easier when you know where you are going! Or you can literally write it backwards, one scene at a time, until you get to the beginning. Or, of course, you can ratchet all the way back, and start from the beginning and go on until the end (which you already know, because that's what you wrote first!).

Heck, even if you are an outliner, carefully working out all the bits and pieces in outline before starting to write, you still might want to consider starting at the end, both for the outline, and for the actual writing. Keep your goal in mind!

It's an interesting twist. Instead of starting at the beginning, and then bogging down in the middle, and never quite getting to the end...

Write the ending first.

Then you can keep your eye on that horizon while you beat your way through the jungle towards it.
Write? 
mbarker: (ISeeYou2)
[personal profile] mbarker
 Original Posting April 19, 2019

"Every great ending is a Final Battle inside or outside the main character. Sometimes a mixture of both."So, in Act I, we had Disturbance and Trouble Brewing to kick off the action and warn us that the final battle was ahead. In Act II, we had The Kick in the Shins to remind us, and the Mirror Moment when the main character really decides they have to do it. The Doorway of No Return #2 slammed shut behind us, Mounting Forces gathered, Lights Out made us sweat, the Q Factor gave us hope, and now…The Final Battle!Okay, so this is the focus of Act III, the ending or resolution of the whole story. Outside? We're looking at physical forces. Big or little, will the main character have the courage to fight? Will they win? Inside? A psychological battle! Will the Lead have the courage to be transformed?So why do we have this piece here? Well, this is the point of the story, what everything leads up to. It's the resolution, the satisfaction, the completion. The Final Battle is what makes the story happen.James gives us a hint. Go back and look at your Mirror Moment. If it was a "I'm going to die" moment, the Final Battle is likely to be physical. If it's "Who am I and what have I become?" Then the Final Battle is likely to be interior, a dilemma, psychological.And, we have a reminder. The arc of the story is a quest for courage. If it's courage to fight overwhelming odds, the Final Battle is against outside forces. If it's the moral courage to do the right thing, then the Final Battle is against inside forces. Don't forget you might have a tragedy, where the main character loses and dies (physical death!), or doesn't do what's right and dies professionally or psychologically. (I have to admit, I'm a Disney kid, I love a happy ending, though!)It seems to me that part of the trick to getting this right is really going back and looking at what you have promised in all the other pieces. Remember those pieces I mentioned at the start? Make sure that The Final Battle lives up to all those. Yes, it's a battle, so you can have loose ends and chaos, but… Try to take care of the issues you raised in those other parts. Of course, some people start by outlining or even writing up this part first, and then make the rest of the story match up with it.
mbarker: (Default)
[personal profile] mbarker
 Original Posting Sept. 4. 2018

Writer's Digest, November 1993, has an article by Michael Orlofsky on pages 38-41 with the title "In the End." The subheading is, "The best short story endings do more than conclude the plot: They reveal subtle and sometimes enigmatic shifts in a character's attitude or outlook, and satisfy the reader's sense that something vitally important has been at stake."

So, what does Michael have to say about short story endings? Well, he starts out by pointing out that beginnings of short stories are paradoxically both the strongest and weakest part of a story! Strongest because it has to hook reader interest. But, also weakest because every following line enriches and deepens the narrative.

However, endings do not share this paradox. The ending must be the strongest point in the story. "In its subtlety, the ending will give reason for pause and reflection; in its magnificence, the ending will prompt cheering readers to splinter the author's door from its hinges, to lay hands on him and carry him through the streets on their shoulders."

Now, he might be overstating just how excited your short story readers are going to get, but…

What is the sense of ending? "In the end, the protagonist should be changed by the plot, or have been faced with the opportunity to change." Simple, right?

Endings are resolutions! They bring the plot to a close. However… "Novels need resolutions because of the reader's need to tie up loose ends. A story, on the other hand, is a loose end – which often simply exposes the subtle and sometimes enigmatic shifts in a character's attitude or outlook. The old-fashioned Aristotelian terms for the shifts in attitude and outlook are reversal and recognition, and they are as valid today as ever." Reversal – change in situation. Recognition? "It happens when the protagonist realizes his reversal, realizes the consequences of his choice, or at least lingers on the cusp of realization." And of course, we want "the sense that something humanly important has been at stake in the story: integrity, love, hope, humility, courage or their opposites."

Wow! So... what kind of endings are there?

"Every ending should be unique, and, ideally, the author should say things that have never been said before." However, there are several types that readers really do like. Even though Michael starts with a couple of endings that aren't really useful.
1. Dead men tell no tales. Don't kill off your characters to try and get an ending. Especially not the main character!
2. Recognitions. Don't tell the reader what to think! Idea and theme are useful, but you don't want to be ordering the reader around.
3. Now, framing with repetition. This is a good ending. Closure. Imagery that repeats. Dialogue, setting, characterization, even a single word or phrase may be used for repetition. So frame your story with repetition. Now.
4. Surprise or revelation. Surprise, an unexpected twist in plot or behavior, is an oldie but goodie. Readers enjoy the suspense and delight in Revelation. Don't do it for shock value. "Surprise endings work best when they evoke irony, anguish, pity, or wonder at human capacity."
5. Journeys. Setting out or deciding to leave makes a nice emotionally charged ending. "Leave-taking also satisfies one of the basic requirements of the ending: things can never be the same." Also, a journey leaves the narrative open for a sequel!
6. Responding to the theme. "Of the many ways to end a story, responding to the theme takes the most skill: Too little emphasis, and the ending will seem flat or vague; too much, and it will sound contrived, with the added consequences that the story may appear told for the sake of meaning rather than for the drama." Authorial voice, the thoughts of a character… Sometimes asking questions.

So how do you write an ending? Michael suggests start by free writing. Ask yourself who the story is really about and what is really at stake, and then write. Another approach is to write backwards from the climax. Start by writing your climax, your ending, and then write the rest of the story. Of course, sometimes your story may take off in a different direction, but revision can help a lot with that. Third, save the best for last. Wonderful prose, rich imagery, snappy dialogue… Save it for your ending!

How do you choose the right ending? Well, sometimes it just feels right. But, take a look at your type of story. Plot-oriented? Action, adventure, mystery? Idea-oriented? Religious, romance, historical, experimental? Character-oriented? Slice of life, psychological profile, autobiographical fiction, literary story? Decide what the most important quality of your story is, plot, idea, or character. A plot story usually ends with a surprise or revelation, which satisfies the reader. An idea story, usually comes to terms with the idea, addresses the theme. Don't leave the reader hanging, show them the triumph of that idea. Character… "Endings that work best for examinations of character often come right out of life: dialogue that gives the character of pause to reflect, repeated image that has assumed significance for the protagonist, a journey of escape, or, better yet, a journey of challenge."

There you go. Endings. "If you're confident of your sense of story – if your character has changed as a result of a difficult decision, choice, or moral struggle – then the perfect ending should flow naturally from the events that have preceded it."

Go ahead. Write that ending!
[identity profile] mbarker.livejournal.com
 original posting 18 May 2008

Make a Scene by Jordan Rosenfeld

Chapter 4. Successful Scene Endings

So here we are. We've launched our scene, with characters, action, narrative, or setting. And we've filled in the middle, raising the ante with complications and conflicts. Withholding, a dash of danger, and unexpected revelations with all the trimmings. And now it's time to end the scene. Are you ready?

Jordan starts out by pointing out that while we sometimes remember beginnings, endings are often the more memorable and poignant parts. In any case, "the end of the scene is a space for the readers to take a breath and digest all that they've just finished reading." This is where things add up, giving the reader more knowledge and investment in the plot and characters, while still teasing them to find out what happens next.

Jordan suggests that endings fall into two major groups: zoom-in and zoom-out. Do we end up up close and personal or pulling back and looking at the wider picture?

Zoom-in endings include character summaries, revelations especially in dialogue, and the old-fashioned cliffhangers. Character summaries -- whether interior monologues or simple dialogues -- are summaries. They're very good for emotional reflection about the character and their responses. Use them for character development, revealing more about the character -- but be careful not to overdo them. Revelations are dramatic and add tension, whether overt or even somewhat quieter emotional hints. And cliffhangers really make readers keep going to find out what happens. A character on the edge, an action that hasn't finished, or simply some change in how the character sees the world -- the suspense of a cliffhanger doesn't have to be melodramatic, but it makes readers turn pages. Again, don't overdo it.

Zoom-out endings give the reader a little relief. A visual description -- showing the reader something through the senses -- can provide a rest against the action. Simple visual scenes. Philosophical musings, often wandering into similes and metaphors, also can be used. These are more character based, not so much the plot or action driven story.

Then there are conclusive endings. Finish it up and tie up the plot point. Jordan suggests that killing a character, for example, might be a good scene ending. It's momentous, and putting it at the end of a scene lets the reader invest their own feelings in it. You can also answer questions, unmask the bad guys, or otherwise really tie up some plot thread. These are a strong contrast to cliffhangers.

Okay? So that's the sandwich, the launch of the scene that gets the reader into it, the middle filling, and the ending that rounds out the scene. You might think we've covered the whole scene, what's left? In part two, Jordan covers core elements like setting, senses, character development, plot, subtext, dramatic tension, and scene intentions in relation to the scene. In part three, he goes over a number of different types of scenes. So don't fret, the 36 pages we've already looked at are not everything. We've still got many pages to go.

And what about an assignment? Well, take a scene from a book or something you're working on, and consider Jordan's types of endings. First identify which part is the ending of the scene. What does it do for the scene? Is it a zoom-in or zoom-out ending? Which one? Does it use some pieces of others? Suppose you changed that ending for one of the other kinds - replaced the internal monologue with a visual description, for example? Or perhaps instead of the well-rounded ending, what if you wanted to make it a cliffhanger?
Then the door swung open, revealing a shadowy figure that said, "Come."
Don't you want to find out what happened after that?

So, that's this week's report on scenes.

When we write, we help other people wrap up?
[identity profile] mbarker.livejournal.com
Originally posted 11 June 2007

I'm slowly working my way through Plot & Structure by James Scott Bell. Right now I'm on page 8, with a section about the power of story. This is where Bell talks about "telling a story in a way that transports the reader." Let's face it, most readers want to get away from their world. They want an experience that is different than their normal day-to-day routine. Or as Bell puts it, "what the reader seeks is an experience that is other." A story gives the illusion of a different side of life events. And we want conflict, story, experience. The plot is a structure that helps readers get into the fictional dream and stay there. Okay? I don't think we need to pound this little two page section to pieces, but it is important to think about it.

Bell says we'll be going over it again, but his basic approach to plot is called the LOCK. Lead, Objective, Confrontation, and Knockout. Simple, right? Just four letters to remember to get a lock on your plots!

L is for Lead. I am pretty sure he means lead character, not lead pencils. So a strong plot needs an interesting lead character. "In the best plots, that Lead is compelling, someone we have to watch throughout the course of the novel." Not necessarily sympathetic, but someone that we want to watch. Okay? So that's our Lead, the L in our LOCK.

O  is for Objective. Where is the character going? He needs an objective, a want, a desire. Normally the character either wants to get something or get away from something. The story question is pretty simple -- will the lead achieve their objective? Note: the objective needs to be important to the lead. So now we have LO in LOCK, our Lead and their Objective.

C is for Confrontation. Opposition, obstacles, something gets in the way. Make it tough for the lead to get to their objective. Confrontation! That's the LOC in LOCK - a Lead with their Objective and the Confrontations on the way.

Last, but obviously not least, K is for Knockout. What Bell is talking about here is the ending. A clean finish, with one person standing and the other knocked out. It shouldn't be obvious, necessarily, but it should have a real knockout finale that makes the reader satisfied. Send the lead over the top, let them find a hundred yellow ribbons round the old oak tree,  blow the bad guys into little balls of juicy hamburger, whatever, but don't wimp on the ending.

And that, in a nutshell, is Bell's basics. A Lead, with an Objective, who faces Confrontations, and has a Knockout ending. LOCK that up and write!

Page 13? And there's over 200 in the book. We are going to be reading a while, aren't we?
[identity profile] mbarker.livejournal.com
original posting: Fri, 24 Sep 1993 11:25:48 JST

HI, MARY! WELCOME TO THE GRUNGE WRITERS ROUNDTABLE!

Mary asked
- Is a story better because it has a write-your-own ending? I'm just
- wondering. I've always hated those kind, but now that I think of it,
- the stories with predictable endings/or surprise improbably endings
- are sometimes unsatisfying also. The story about the boy with leukemia
- ended to patly for me -- I was hoping for a different outcome -- maybe
- I would have preferred a write-your-own ending.

better? not inherently. if you like structural notions such as a "story question" which eventually results in a "story answer" or perhaps conflict and resolution, the "write-your-own ending" format is unfinished, incomplete, and not to be tolerated.

On the other hand, given the reader's own drive for closure and the ambiguity of some questions raised in stories, it may be a useful technique on occasion. Not to avoid resolving the issue, but deliberately raising an issue, developing the alternatives, and whacking the reader between the eyes with the dilemma.

If the "write-your-own ending" is a simple escape from digging up a satisfying, unexpected, logical, etc. ending - then the writer is being lazy and should be chastised for it (let the critics at 'em, serves 'em write!). On the other hand, it is possible (if carefully handled) to make the "unfinished" nature a satisfying ending, embodying the dilemma, frustration, confusion (pick your own words) that the protagonist feels.

How do I say this? The writer is trying (fumbling) at making the reader experience (vicariously) something, with some hope of raising some thoughts in that lump over there. One method, generally used, is to walk the reader right along the path, from beginning to end. Another method, somewhat more technically difficult, is to raise the questions and hope the reader tries to finish the path on their own (goes all the way back to Socrates, I believe). Still another approach (very tricky) is to provide the reader with an ending and trick them into finishing the path on their own in rejection of the ending given.

Which is "best"? Depends - on the writer, the reader, the questions or subjects being tackled, and other cosmic influences.

Personally, I have a strong desire for closure - I like endings. I'm not even too happy with the cliche "arm from the grave" horror bit, with its suggestion that the horror isn't really over.

I'm with Roger - I wish I knew what I was talking about. Maybe I'll take up Tarot readings...
[identity profile] mbarker.livejournal.com
original posting: Fri, 07 Sep 2001 20:49:00 -0400

A great ending...

It's like when you're going upstairs, and you take that one extra step...

...that isn't there.

A great ending doesn't.

Okay, there's a couple of thoughts.  What's a great ending for you?
[identity profile] mbarker.livejournal.com
original posting: Wed, 24 Oct 2001 10:31:48 -0400

Haven't done one of these in a while.

Here's the ending:

At the ticket counter, he said to the clerk, "Three tickets for the beauties and one for the beast, please."

(from page 82, Reader's Digest, July 1993)

So there you have it.  Now, your problem (should you choose to accept it, Mr. Phelps?) is to come up with a story (short or as long as your dog has hair) to which this is the ending.

I'd start by thinking about who he is, and maybe a little about who the three beauties are.  For that matter, just who (or what) is the beast?

Now what kind of tickets are they getting?

Go ahead, write that ploy!

And end with

At the ticket counter, he said to the clerk, "Three tickets for the beauties and one for the beast, please."
[identity profile] mbarker.livejournal.com
original posting: Wed, 26 Jun 2002 22:09:58 -0400

Simple, but perhaps someone would like to run a short series for the list.

At one point (a while back), someone took those short stories in Readers' Digest and posted the last line from them.  The challenge was to write a story with that climactic line.  Of course, sometimes in writing the story, the climactic line got displaced, but it was an interesting way to get the fingers writing.

So, for example, we might take that line from Morley that I keep quoting (actually, Eudora does a nice job of remembering it for me).

Write a story whose final line is:
Life is a foreign language; all men mispronounce it.
Let the grey cells pontificate (we're papal now?) upon what kind of scene, conflict, and characters might represent this little aphorism.  What parable of modern day (or whatever day you prefer) life would make this sentence sink in and tingle?

Go ahead and write!

(twas brillig, and the slithy toves did gyre and gimble... :-)

Life is a foreign language; all men mispronounce it.  Christopher Morley

And some of us tapdance a bit as we do it!  tink

[identity profile] mbarker.livejournal.com
Original Posting: Fri, 26 Jan 1996 10:21:05 EST

[another friday, another week gone to bits, and here we are again. let's see, class, what shall we contemplate? a romantic skeleton buried in the closet? let us get the rascal out of there and into our viscera, shall we?]

Let us consider the denouement. Since you may not have your dictionary handy, let me quote the Oxford American Dictionary..."1. the clearing up, at the end of a play or story, of the complications of plot. 2. the outcome of a tangled sequence of events."

Now, in the case of the classic romance, we are looking for one (or more) of our central characters to learn something about that pristine peculiarity of extravagant emotional involvement--love. Along the way, of course, it is quite conceivable that the character may stumble into the arms of another, may be swept off their feet by strange and suspiciously unmotivated gestures by various players, or even misled into the briarpatches of emotional dependence...

So, without further hesitation, let us offer a few choices. Pick a number from...oh, say one to six? You have your number? Proceed.
  1. Love does not cause suffering: what causes it is the sense of ownership, which is love's opposite. Saint-Exupery, "The Wisdom of the Sands" (1948), 49, tr. Stuart Gilbert.
  2. Life has taught us that love does not consist in gazing at each other but in looking outward together in the same direction. Saint-Exupery, "Wind, Sand, and Stars", (1939) 9.6, tr. Lewis Galantiere
  3. Love looks not with the eyes, but with the mind; And therefore is winged Cupid painted blind. Shakespeare, "A Midsummer Night's Dream" (1595096), 1.1.234
  4. Love sought is good, but given unsought is better. Shakespeare, "Twelfth Night (1599-1600), 3.1.168
  5. Let the dead have the immortality of fame, but the living the immortality of love. Rabindranath Tagore, Stray Birds, (1916), 279
  6. Love's gift cannot be given, it waits to be accepted. Rabindranath Tagore, Fireflies (1928)
Take that quote (from the International Thesaurus of Quotations, Rhoda Thomas Tripp) and think about it. Think of a character and situation where someone might need to learn the essence of your quote. Think about who might teach them, and how. Make a few notes about this and continue.

(start your engines!)

Now back up. Make a list of at least five mistakes, misinterpretations, or just plain lies that might mislead our character before they come to understand the essence of the quote. Think about characters who might benefit from leading our main character along the wrong paths, away from the truth, and pick at least two or three of these options. Sketch quickly what you are thinking about -- a line or two, maybe a paragraph about it is enough.

(and the starting flag is up, in the air!)

And back up once more. You now have a main character and the person who will teach them the final lesson, free them from the bondage of the villian, or what have you. You also have one or two characters who will try to get in the way, along with reasons for them to try to confuse the issue. All we need now is a beginning. We would like a situation where several of the characters can be introduced, along with some way of posing the question--will our character learn the important truth about love or not?

So spend a few moments considering where you'd like to start. If you want to, you may use the following...

She had just arrived alone at the party when the lights went out.

Introduce your characters and let the good times roll...

(and...
Go!)

Fill out your beginning; complicate the scenes that show our character being misled, confused, hoodwinked, and otherwise betrayed; and build gradually but relentlessly to the shocking finale when truth, justice, and romance poets triumph or fall in showing our character what love can be...in the denouement of our days.

[a bit worded, are we?]

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